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Barry James Marshall¡BAC
FRS
FAA (born
30 September
1951) is an
Australian
physician¡BNobel
Prize laureate in in
Physiology or
Medicine¡Band Professor of Clinical
Microbiology at the
University of Western Australia.
Marshall is well-known for proving that
the bacteria
Helicobacter pylori is the cause of
most
stomach ulcers¡Breversing decades of
medical doctrine which held that ulcers
were caused by stress¡Bspicy foods¡Band
too much acid. He has recently accepted
a part-time appointment at the
Pennsylvania State University.
Early years
Marshall was born in Kalgoorlie¡BWestern Australia and lived in Kalgoorlie and Carnarvon until moving to Perth at seven. He attended High School at Newman College and the University of Western Australia¡Bwhere he received a Bachelor of Medicine¡BBachelor of Surgery in 1975. He married his wife Adrienne in 1972.
Life and research
In 1979 Marshall was appointed as a Registrar in Medicine at the Royal Perth Hospital. He met Robin Warren¡Ba pathologist interested in gastritis¡Bduring internal medicine fellowship training at Royal Perth Hospital in 1981. Together¡Bthe pair studied the presence of spiral bacteria in association with gastritis. The following year (1982)¡Bthey performed the initial culture of H. pylori and developed their hypothesis related to the bacterial cause of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer.[2] It has been claimed that the H. pylori theory was ridiculed by the establishment scientists and doctors¡Bwho did not believe that any bacteria could live in the acidic stomach. Marshall has been quoted as saying in 1998 that "Everyone was against me¡Bbut I knew I was right".[4] On the other hand¡Bit has also been argued that medical researchers showed a proper degree of skepticism until the H. pylori hypothesis could be proved.
After failed attempts to infect piglets in 1984¡BMarshall drank a petri-dish of the bacteria and soon developed gastritis with achlorhydria. Symptoms included vague stomach discomfort¡Bnausea¡Bvomiting and halitosis. On the 14th day of the infection¡Bbiopsies of Marshall's stomach did not reveal any bacteria - so spontaneous eradication may have occurred. However¡Bon the insistence of his wife¡Bhe did take antibiotics immediately after that endoscopy so there was no way of double-checking the negative result. Interestingly¡Bhe did not develop antibodies to H.pylori¡Bsuggesting that innate immunity can sometimes eradicate acute H.pylori infection. His illness and recovery¡Bbased on a culture of organisms extracted from a patient¡Bfulfilled Koch's postulates for H. pylori and gastritis¡Bbut not for peptic ulcer. This experiment was published in 1985 in the Medical Journal of Australia[6] and is among the most cited articles from the journal.
After this work at Fremantle Hospital¡BMarshall did research at Royal Perth Hospital (1985-86) and at the University of Virginia¡BUSA (1986-1996)¡Bbefore returning to Australia. He held a Burnet Fellowship at the University of Western Australia from 1998-2003[8] and continues research related to H. pylori and runs the H.pylori Research Laboratory at UWA.[9] He has been criticised for appearing in an informercial for a "fact free" health book¡Bbut he has defended himself from this criticism.
Awards and honors
In 2005¡Bthe Karolinska Institute in Stockholm awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Dr. Marshall and his long-time collaborator Dr. Warren "for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease".
Marshall also received the Warren Alpert Prize in 1994¡Bthe Australian Medical Association Award in 1995¡BAlbert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research in 1995 and the Gairdner Foundation International Award in 1996¡Bthe Paul Ehrlich Prize in 1997¡Bthe Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for Medicine in 1998¡Bthe Florey Medal in 1998¡Bthe Buchanan Medal of the Royal Society in 1998¡BBenjamin Franklin Medal for Life Sciences in 1999¡Bthe Keio Medical Science Prize in 2002 and the Australian Centenary Medal in 2003.
He was made a Companion of the Order of Australia in 2007.
Contents
1 Early years
2 Life and research
3 Awards and honours
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
Early years
Marshall was born in Kalgoorlie¡BWestern Australia and lived in Kalgoorlie and Carnarvon until moving to Perth at seven. He attended High School at Newman College and the University of Western Australia¡Bwhere he received a Bachelor of Medicine¡BBachelor of Surgery in 1975. He married his wife Adrienne in 1972.
Life and research
In 1979 Marshall was appointed as a Registrar in Medicine at the Royal Perth Hospital. He met Robin Warren¡Ba pathologist interested in gastritis¡Bduring internal medicine fellowship training at Royal Perth Hospital in 1981. Together¡Bthe pair studied the presence of spiral bacteria in association with gastritis. The following year (1982)¡Bthey performed the initial culture of H. pylori and developed their hypothesis related to the bacterial cause of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer.[2] It has been claimed that the H. pylori theory was ridiculed by the establishment scientists and doctors¡Bwho did not believe that any bacteria could live in the acidic stomach. Marshall has been quoted as saying in 1998 that "Everyone was against me¡Bbut I knew I was right".[4] On the other hand¡Bit has also been argued that medical researchers showed a proper degree of skepticism until the H. pylori hypothesis could be proved.
After failed attempts to infect piglets in 1984¡BMarshall drank a petri-dish of the bacteria and soon developed gastritis with achlorhydria. Symptoms included vague stomach discomfort¡Bnausea¡Bvomiting and halitosis. On the 14th day of the infection¡Bbiopsies of Marshall's stomach did not reveal any bacteria - so spontaneous eradication may have occurred. However¡Bon the insistence of his wife¡Bhe did take antibiotics immediately after that endoscopy so there was no way of double-checking the negative result. Interestingly¡Bhe did not develop antibodies to H.pylori¡Bsuggesting that innate immunity can sometimes eradicate acute H.pylori infection. His illness and recovery¡Bbased on a culture of organisms extracted from a patient¡Bfulfilled Koch's postulates for H. pylori and gastritis¡Bbut not for peptic ulcer. This experiment was published in 1985 in the Medical Journal of Australia[6] and is among the most cited articles from the journal.
After this work at Fremantle Hospital¡BMarshall did research at Royal Perth Hospital (1985-86) and at the University of Virginia¡BUSA (1986-1996)¡Bbefore returning to Australia. He held a Burnet Fellowship at the University of Western Australia from 1998-2003[8] and continues research related to H. pylori and runs the H.pylori Research Laboratory at UWA.[9] He has been criticised for appearing in an informercial for a "fact free" health book¡Bbut he has defended himself from this criticism.
Awards and honors
In 2005¡Bthe Karolinska Institute in Stockholm awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Dr. Marshall and his long-time collaborator Dr. Warren "for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease".
Marshall also received the Warren Alpert Prize in 1994¡Bthe Australian Medical Association Award in 1995¡BAlbert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research in 1995 and the Gairdner Foundation International Award in 1996¡Bthe Paul Ehrlich Prize in 1997¡Bthe Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for Medicine in 1998¡Bthe Florey Medal in 1998¡Bthe Buchanan Medal of the Royal Society in 1998¡BBenjamin Franklin Medal for Life Sciences in 1999¡Bthe Keio Medical Science Prize in 2002 and the Australian Centenary Medal in 2003.
He was made a Companion of the Order of Australia in 2007.
Contents
1 Early years
2 Life and research
3 Awards and honours
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
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